MULTIGENE PHYLOGENY AND PATHOGENICITY TRIALS REVEALED ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA AS THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BLACK SPOT DISEASE AND SEEDLING WILT OF PECAN (CARYA ILLINOINENSIS) IN SOUTH AFRICA

The pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry in South Africa is growing rapidly, and it is becoming increasingly crucial to understand the risks posed to pecans by fungal pathogens.Black spots on leaves, shoots, and nuts in shucks caused by Alternaria species have been observed since 2014 in the Hartswater region of the Northern Cape Province of South

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is the causal agent of yellow vein clearing disease, a significant and devastating disease of most citrus species including lemon and sour orange.CYVCV, a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus containing six ORFs (Open Reading Frames), represents a new species in the genus Mandarivirus of the Alphaflexivir

This paper deals with the degradation of NO by photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2-based coatings.Tests are conducted at a laboratory scale through an experimental setup inspired from Womens Dresses ISO 22197-1 standard.Various parameters are explored to evaluate their influence on photocatalysis efficiency: TiO2 dry matter content applied to the s

In closed systems, dynamical symmetries lead to conservation laws.However, conservation laws are not applicable to open systems that undergo irreversible transformations.More general selection rules are needed to determine whether, given two states, the transition from one state to the other is possible.The usual approach to the problem of finding